Importare dati da una cartella di lavoro chiuso (ADO) utilizzando VBA in Microsoft Excel
Se vuoi importare molti dati da una cartella di lavoro chiusa, puoi farlo con ADO e la macro qui sotto.
Se si desidera recuperare i dati da un altro foglio di lavoro rispetto al primo foglio di lavoro nella cartella di lavoro chiusa, è necessario fare riferimento a un intervallo denominato definito dall’utente. La macro sottostante può essere utilizzata in questo modo (in Excel 2000 o successivo):
GetDataFromClosedWorkbook "C:\FolderName\WorkbookName.xls", "A1:B21", ActiveCell, False GetDataFromClosedWorkbook "C:\FolderName\WorkbookName.xls", "MyDataRange", Range ("B3"), True Sub GetDataFromClosedWorkbook(SourceFile As String, SourceRange As String, _ TargetRange As Range, IncludeFieldNames As Boolean) ' requires a reference to the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects library ' if SourceRange is a range reference: ' this will return data from the first worksheet in SourceFile ' if SourceRange is a defined name reference: ' this will return data from any worksheet in SourceFile ' SourceRange must include the range headers ' Dim dbConnection As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset Dim dbConnectionString As String Dim TargetCell As Range, i As Integer dbConnectionString = "DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};" & _ "ReadOnly=1;DBQ=" & SourceFile Set dbConnection = New ADODB.Connection On Error GoTo InvalidInput dbConnection.Open dbConnectionString ' open the database connection Set rs = dbConnection.Execute("[" & SourceRange & "]") Set TargetCell = TargetRange.Cells(1, 1) If IncludeFieldNames Then For i = 0 To rs.Fields.Count - 1 TargetCell.Offset(0, i).Formula = rs.Fields(i).Name Next i Set TargetCell = TargetCell.Offset(1, 0) End If TargetCell.CopyFromRecordset rs rs.Close dbConnection.Close ' close the database connection Set TargetCell = Nothing Set rs = Nothing Set dbConnection = Nothing On Error GoTo 0 Exit Sub InvalidInput: MsgBox "The source file or source range is invalid!", _ vbExclamation, "Get data from closed workbook" End Sub
Un altro metodo che non utilizza il metodo CopyFromRecordSet Con la macro sottostante è possibile eseguire l’importazione e avere un migliore controllo sui risultati restituiti dal RecordSet.
Sub TestReadDataFromWorkbook() ' fills data from a closed workbook in at the active cell Dim tArray As Variant, r As Long, c As Long tArray = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21") ' without transposing ' For r = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2) ' For c = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1) ' ActiveCell.Offset(r, c).Formula = tArray(c, r) ' Next c ' Next r ' with transposing tArray = Application.WorksheetFunction.Transpose(tArray) For r = LBound(tArray, 1) To UBound(tArray, 1) For c = LBound(tArray, 2) To UBound(tArray, 2) ActiveCell.Offset(r - 1, c - 1).Formula = tArray(r, c) Next c Next r End Sub Private Function ReadDataFromWorkbook(SourceFile As String, SourceRange As String) As Variant ' requires a reference to the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects library ' if SourceRange is a range reference: ' this function can only return data from the first worksheet in SourceFile ' if SourceRange is a defined name reference: ' this function can return data from any worksheet in SourceFile ' SourceRange must include the range headers ' examples: ' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:A21") ' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "A1:B21") ' varRecordSetData = ReadDataFromWorkbook("C:\FolderName\SourceWbName.xls", "DefinedRangeName") Dim dbConnection As ADODB.Connection, rs As ADODB.Recordset Dim dbConnectionString As String dbConnectionString = "DRIVER={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};ReadOnly=1;DBQ=" & SourceFile Set dbConnection = New ADODB.Connection On Error GoTo InvalidInput dbConnection.Open dbConnectionString ' open the database connection Set rs = dbConnection.Execute("[" & SourceRange & "]") On Error GoTo 0 ReadDataFromWorkbook = rs.GetRows ' returns a two dim array with all records in rs rs.Close dbConnection.Close ' close the database connection Set rs = Nothing Set dbConnection = Nothing On Error GoTo 0 Exit Function InvalidInput: MsgBox "The source file or source range is invalid!", vbExclamation, "Get data from closed workbook" Set rs = Nothing Set dbConnection = Nothing End Function
L’esempio di macro presuppone che il progetto VBA abbia aggiunto un riferimento alla libreria di oggetti ADO.
Puoi farlo dall’interno del VBE selezionando il menu Strumenti, Riferimenti e selezionando Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects x.x Object Library.
Usa ADO se puoi scegliere tra ADO e DAO per l’importazione o l’esportazione dei dati.